Elija su lengua: Inglés | Español

CASERO
ALMACÉN EN LÍNEA
CONTACTO LOS E.E.U.U.
arctic
Qué lo hacemos
Para combatir la ejecución de las paradas, de la búsqueda y de los asimientos ilegales del tráfico, la detención, la vigilancia y la interrogación el editor ha publicado la única publicación de su clase en el mundo.

- Cuál es trampa

- Detención que resiste

- Regla de la igualdad de acceso

- El perfil del mensajero de la droga

- Audiencias preliminares
(federal y estado)

- Las derechas de Juvinille

 

 

- Interrogación y custodia

- Condiciones y tipos de lanzamiento pre de ensayo

- Cómo a la evidencia de la incriminación de Surpress Agarrado por el policía

 

- Tipos de comportamiento eso:

- la suspicacia de la causa y da a oficial de policía causa propable al conducir un vehículo.

 

   

CASERO - SOBRE LOS E.E.U.U. - SERVICIOS - ALMACÉN EN LÍNEA - CONTACTO LOS E.E.U.U.
www.arcticbook.us

23

DEFINITION OF ARREST

The test for determining whether a detainee has been arrested is an objective one: whether in view of all the circumstances surrounding the incident a reasonable person would have believed they were not free to leave. A warrantless stop need only be grounded upon reasonable suspicion and does not constitute a technical arrest. At some point, however, an increasingly coercive and prolonged detention can convert the stop into a full fledged arrest, a seizure with 4th Amendment implications, which must then be justified by consent or probable cause. In Georgia arrest is defined as "the taking, seizure or detaining of the person of another, either by touching or putting hands on the person or by an act indicating an intention to take such person into custody and which subjects such person to the actual control and will of the person making the arrest." A person is under arrest whenever their liberty to come and go as they please is restrained no matter how slight such a restraint may be.

PROBABLE CAUSE TO ARREST

There is no litmus test for determining whether probable cause exists. Probable cause is a fluid concept turning on the assessment of probabilities in particular factual contexts not readily or useful. When assessing the existence of probable cause to arrest arising in the street encounter scenario courts typically look to the following factors:

1 Nature of the area. The incidence of crime in a particular area is sometimes deemed relevant to the probable cause determination.

2 Distance to the crime location. The proximity of the observed activity in time or distance to the scene of a crime may also be significant.

3 Time of day. When weighed with other facts the activity may be suspicious if it is conducted at night. (Man observed carrying an electronic typewriter in the rain at 2am).

4 Street exchange. In many drug cases the police observe a transaction between parties that suggest they were exchanging cash for narcotics.

5 Gestures. Probable cause may be supported by motions or gestures of a suspect typically consisting of what appears to be an attempt to conceal something when a confrontation with the police appears imminent. Flight, quickened pace or changing directions.


51

Telephones

Arguments with respect to the electronic surveillance warrant are addressed variously to the federal and state statutes governing wiretaps. Georgia law "must meet the minimum standards of the federal law in protecting privacy but may impose more stringent requirements and any interception must conform to both the state and federal law." 18 USC 2516 contains the federal provisions governing authorization to apply for an electronic surveillance order, and provides that a state statute may authorize the principal prosecuting attorney of any political subdivision to apply to a state court for such order. The application for an investigation warrant under 18 USC 2516, any supporting evidence in connection therewith, and any entry of the issuance of an investigation warrant as a result thereof shall remain confidential and in the custody of the judge and shall not be released or be disclosed without written order of the judge. This section of the Georgia law and its federal counterpart relate to protecting the confidentiality of the government's investigation and the authenticity of the application and related documents. The provisions of O.C.G.A. 16-11-64 limit disclosures to those instances where it is necessary and essential to the preparation of actual prosecutions for the crime specified in the warrant. A violation of this section which contains an express exclusionary provision renders the wiretap evidence inadmissible.

Helicopters

Helicopters are permitted to fly at any altitude if the operation is conducted without hazard to persons or property on the surface. Since helicopters are permitted to fly at any altitude all air space is navigable in the technical sense and police like the rest of the public are permitted to travel in this space thus the question is whether the conduct of the police flying at 50 feet above a location is hazardous to persons or property on the surface. If so, the operation would be constitutionally unreasonable. Sensations such as loud noise and vibrations of a house and its windows constitute a hazardous condition.